Gastrointestinal hormones - source, trigger, and effect (GLP-1, CCK, gastrin, secretin, PYY, ghrelin)
Core concept
- Enteroendocrine cells are <1% of gut epithelium but form the largest endocrine organ in the body
- Three functional groups
- Meal-initiating / secretory - gastrin, secretin, CCK, motilin
- Incretins - GLP-1, GIP - amplify insulin release only when glucose is elevated
- Satiety / adiposity signals - PYY, GLP-1, CCK, oxyntomodulin vs the single orexigenic signal ghrelin
- Incretin effect - an oral glucose load produces ~2-3x more insulin than the same glucose given IV
- ~50-70% of postprandial insulin secretion; markedly blunted in type 2 diabetes
3 more sections, plus exam facts
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