Haematological malignancies - plasma cell dyscrasias and multiple myeloma
Framing
- Plasma cell dyscrasias span a biological spectrum from premalignant monoclonal gammopathy through multiple myeloma to related clonal plasma cell/lymphoplasmacytic disorders - unified by a paraprotein (monoclonal immunoglobulin) produced by the clonal cell population, which itself can cause organ damage independent of tumour bulk (e.g. light-chain amyloidosis, cast nephropathy)
- Diagnosis and monitoring rely heavily on paraprotein quantification (serum/urine electrophoresis, free light chains) alongside marrow assessment and skeletal imaging
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