Heart failure
Framing
- Heart failure is classified by ejection fraction (reduced vs preserved) - a distinction that directly determines evidence-based pharmacotherapy, since the guideline-directed medical therapy proven to reduce mortality in HFrEF (ACE inhibitor/ARNI, beta-blocker, MRA, SGLT2 inhibitor) has a different, more limited evidence base in HFpEF
- Valvular heart disease is a distinct but overlapping cause of the heart failure syndrome, requiring separate consideration of valve-directed intervention alongside standard heart failure therapy
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