Framing

  • Environmental and non-pharmaceutical poisonings (carbon monoxide, insect stings, pesticides, snake bites, spider bites) each require a specific recognition pattern and, for several, a specific antidote or antivenom - distinct from pharmaceutical overdose management given their different exposure routes and toxic mechanisms
  • Geographic and occupational/recreational exposure history is central to raising suspicion for these diagnoses, which can otherwise be missed if not specifically considered

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